Finland

Finland

On the 6th of December, 1917, Finland declared independence from the Russian Empire. Finland’s relationship with Russia has been shaped by centuries of shifting power dynamics, cultural influences, and political upheavals, culminating in its independence in 1917. The...
Witchcraft

Witchcraft

On the 5th of December, 1484, Pope Innocent VIII issued the Summis desiderantes affectibus, a papal bull appointing Heinrich Kramer and Jacob Sprenger as inquisitors to root out alleged witchcraft in Germany. I have chosen witchcraft today as, together with...
Mary Celeste

Mary Celeste

On the 4th of December, 1872, the American brigantine Mary Celeste was found drifting in the Atlantic. She had departed New York Harbour on the 7th of November, bound for Genoa, Italy. She was carrying a cargo of 1,701 barrels of industrial alcohol. Her captain was...
Camelot

Camelot

The anniversaries which catch my eye today, the 3rd of December, are the the hoisting of the Continental Union Flag (the precursor of the Stars and Stripes) on the USS Alfred by John Paul Jones in 1775, and the debut of the musical Camelot at the Majestic Theatre on...
Sir Christopher Wren

Sir Christopher Wren

On the 2nd of December, 1697, Saint Paul’s Cathedral, rebuilt to Sir Christopher Wren’s design after the Great Fire of London, was consecrated. Sir Christopher Wren (1632–1723) was one of the most influential architects in British history, renowned for his role in...
Sir Christopher Hatton

Sir Christopher Hatton

On the 1st of December, 1577, Christopher Hatton was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I. Sir Christopher Hatton (1540–1591) was an influential courtier, statesman, and Lord Chancellor in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I. His life provides a fascinating glimpse into the...