Scrolling through the events for the 13th of January, the Bayonet Constitution caught my attention.
The Bayonet Constitution, formally known as the Constitution of the Kingdom of Hawaii of 1887, was a significant document in Hawaiian history. It was imposed under duress by a group of American and European businessmen and sugar planters who were dissatisfied with the existing monarchy and sought to limit the power of King Kalākaua.
In the late 19th century, Hawaii was experiencing significant economic changes, particularly due to the sugar industry. Many foreign interests, especially from the United States, were becoming increasingly influential in Hawaiian affairs.
The constitution was drafted by a group known as the Hawaiian League, which was composed mainly of American and European residents. They pressured King Kalākaua to sign it at gunpoint, hence the name “Bayonet Constitution.”
The new constitution significantly reduced the powers of the monarchy, shifting authority to a cabinet that was responsible to the legislature rather than the king. It also restricted voting rights to only those who met certain property and income qualifications, effectively disenfranchising many native Hawaiians.
The Bayonet Constitution led to increased tensions between the monarchy and the growing influence of foreign interests. It set the stage for further political changes, including the eventual overthrow of the Hawaiian monarchy in 1893.
The Bayonet Constitution is often viewed as a pivotal moment in the history of Hawaii, marking the beginning of the end for the Hawaiian monarchy and the eventual annexation of Hawaii by the United States in 1898.
The Bayonet Constitution remains a controversial topic in Hawaiian history, reflecting the complex interactions between native sovereignty, colonialism, and economic interests.
Of course there have always been bullies throwing their weight around for their own gain. England has been invaded by Romans, Angles, Saxons and Normans. The Spanish had a go, and my ancestor Sir Anthony Standen helped thwart them. My father helped defeat Hitler. I read in the news today that Donald Trump might want to have a go. Perhaps I should get my old air rifle serviced.